Dendrodacrys: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in Dacrymyces s.l., with the description of four new species.

A new genus named Dendrodacrys is proposed for a monophyletic group in Dacrymycetaceae, containing species with pulvinate to depressed basidiocarps, distinctly branched hymenial hyphidia, and up to 3-septate mature basidiospores. Four taxa in this group, occurring in Europe, are proposed as new species, viz. De. ciprense, De. concrescens, De. ellipsosporum, and De. oblongisporum, based both on morphological and DNA data (nrDNA, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, 12S). These new species are all described in detail, illustrated, and compared with other published taxa that with which they can be confounded. The new combination De. paraphysatum is proposed after revising the type material of Dacrymyces paraphysatus, but other combinations or potentially new non-European species descriptions are postponed pending further studies of additional specimens. Citation: Zamora JC, Savchenko A, González-Cruz Á, Prieto-García F, Olariaga I, Ekman S (2022). Dendrodacrys: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in Dacrymyces s.l., with the description of four new species. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 9: 27-42. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.04.

Estatus pro-oxidante en niños del Valle de Mezquital, Hidalgo (México) / No disponible

El objetivo ha sido demostrar que el retraso en el crecimiento de la niñez está asociado a un estatus pro-oxidante. Se estudiaron niños indígenas con edades entre 9 y 11 años, residentes en el Valle del Mezquita!, Hidalgo, México. Las mediciones clínicas y antropométricas fueron realizadas utilizando técnicas estándares. En muestras de sangre se determinaron contenidos de vitaminas E y A, contenidos de metales (Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn y Se) y se determinaron los contenidos de sustancias reactivas al ácido tio-barbitúrico (SRATE1). Los niños del grupo experimental mostraron concentración disminuida de vitamina E (643.8 ± 11.3 y 529.3 .÷, 89 pgidL) y de vitamina A (28.9 ± 3.5 y 26.4 ± 2.5 wgidIL), con respecto a los niños del grupo control. La relación vitamina EiSF?A7-8 resultó más alta en el grupo control (1458.8 I- 736) comparado con el grupo experimental (1003 ± 535.3); las niñas presentaron valores más altos de este cociente que los niños. No se ha podido asociar la prosenda de un estatus pro-oxidante, ya que no se encontraron variaciones significativas. De los resultados SRATB y concentraciones de hierro resultaron más elevados en el grupo experimental que en el grupo control, pero no estadísticamente diferentes. Se propone considerar una suplementación de vitaminas antioxidantes para prevenir dicho estado y la capacidad potencial para inducir daño en células y tejidos finos. Se recomienda realizar otros estudios que permitan demostrar la capacidad antioxidante medida en suero. con determinaciones de capacidades antioxidantes de enzimas en estos niños. Se incrementa la posibilidad de que el estatus oxidante esté presente. dada la capacidad antioxidante disminuida por déficit de vitamina E y A y disminución de la relación SRATB/vitamina relacionado con el pobre desarrollo y la baja estatura (AU)

To test the hypothesis that growth retardation in early childhood might be associated to an oxidant stress status, 9-11 aged, living in Mezquita/ Valley (Hidalgo, México) were studied. Clinical and anth-ropometric measures were made using standard techniques. Blood samples were obtained by venous puncture. Vitamins E and C, copper, iron manganese, zinc: selenium and TBARS (thiobabituic acid reactive substances) were measured. Stunted children showed a decreased vitamin E (643.8 ± 11.3 to 529.3 -± 89 ug/dL) and A (28.9 ± a5 to 26.4 ± 2.5 pg/d/L) serum concentration than control group. The ratio Vitamin E/ TBARS were loo higher in control group (1458.8 ± 736) when was compared with stunted group (1003 ± 535.3). The girls showed higher values of this ratio than boys, in both control and stunted groups. From the data presented herein is not possible to associate the presence of oxidant stress status due the absence of statistical significances. In both, TBARS and iron the concentrations measure we-re higher in stunted group, but not statistically different compared with control group. Due the potential pre-oxidative stress status of student children, we propose to take in consideration the sup-plementation of antioxidant vitamins in those children in order to prevent the oxidative stress status, and its potential capacity for induce damage of cells and tissues and dysfunctional consequences. On the other hand, it is necessary to carry out other studies conducing to measured antioxidant serum capacity including antioxidant enzymes determinations in student children. Finally our data and observations raises the possibility that oxidative status due to decreased antioxidant capacity (vitamin E, A, TBRS/vitamin E) presented in stunted children, might be related with the low development of height in this children (AU)

Toxicidad y teratogénesis por arsénico en aguas en el pez cebra (Danio rerio) / Toxicity and teratogenesis by arsenic in water in the zebra fish (Danio rerio)

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar los daños teratogénicos y la inducción de micronúcleos en células branquiales de peces cebra (Danio rerio) por presencia de arsénico en las aguas. Fueron mantenidos en aguas bicarbonatadas cálcicas magnésicas de un pozo de referencia y del pozo 'Zimapán 5', del Municipio Zimapán, Estado de Hidalgo, México. Este último, con un contenido de arsénico que varía de 0,395-0,630 mg/L. Para el estudio de genotoxi-cidad se evaluaron durante 180 días en 3 tratamientos: agua del pozo de referencia (control negativo, sin As), agua del pozo de referencia adicionada con 5,0 mg As (V)/L (control positivo), y en agua del pozo 'Zimapán 5', colocándose 65 especimenes por tratamiento. Después de 30 días hubo una disminución de As en el agua del control positivo de 1092,65 ppb (36,42 ppb/día) mientras en pescados hubo un incremento de 523,81 ppb (17,46 ppb/día). Para el agua del pozo 'Zimapán 5' hubo una disminución de 211,40 ppb (7,04 ppb/día), y en pescados hubo un incremento de 74,73 ppb (2,49 ppb/día). Este resultado pone de manifiesto el alto grado de bioacumulación de As en el pez, que en relación al control negativo muestra que es 2,54 veces mayor. En relación a la frecuencia de inducción de micronú-cleos en células branquiales, al final de los 180 días en el control negativo hubo una generación espontánea de 0,8 micronúcleos/1000 células, en el control positivo hubo una frecuencia de inducción de micronúcleos 163,5 veces mayor que en el control negativo, mientras que en los peces expuestos al agua del pozo 'Zimapán 5' fue 56,25 veces mayor con respecto al mismo. Estos resultados demuestran la genotoxicidad del As en Danio rerio. Para el estudio de teratogénesis, se colocó una hembra y un macho en apareamiento en las mismas condiciones de los tratamientos, obteniendo que a mayor concentra-ción de As en el agua mayor porcentaje de huevos no viables, menor porcentaje de huevos viables y de eclosión, mayor porcentaje de alevines recién eclosionados y juveniles con malformaciones, y menor porcentaje de juveniles sobrevivientes (AU)

The objective of this work was study the teratogenic damages and the induction of micronuclei in gill cells of zebra fish (Danio rerio). They was maintained in calcium-magnesium bicarbonated waters from a reference well and 'Zimapán 5' well, the latter with an arsenic (As) content ranging from 0.395 to 0.630 m/L. For the genotoxicity study the specimens were studied during 180 days in 3 separated lots; in reference well water (negative control), in reference water to which was added 5 mg/L As (V) (positive control); and in water from 'Zimapán 5' well, with specimens by treatment. In waters an As concentration diminution was observed with time, whereas in fish there was an increase. After 30 days there was an As diminution in water from positive control of 1092.65 ppb (36.42 ppb/day) whereas in fish it had increased to 523.81 ppb (17.46 ppb/day). For the water from 'Zimapán 5' well there was a diminution of 211.40 ppb (7.04 ppb/day), and in fish there was an increase of 74.73 ppb (2.49 ppb/day). This result indices the grade high of bioaccumulation of As in fish, in relation with negative control is 2.54 major. In relation to micronucleus frequency in gill cells, at the end of 180 days in the negative control there was a spontaneous generation of 0.8 micronuclei/1000 cells, in the positive control there was a micronucleus frequency 163.5 times greater than in negative control, whereas for the fish exposed to 'Zimapán 5' well water the micronucleus frequency was 56.25 times greater than with the negative control. Taken together these results demonstrate the genotoxicity to Danio rerio of As in the well water (AU)

[Genetics of mental retardation]. / Genética del retraso mental.

Mentally retarded patients can be grouped in two categories: severe forms seen in 4 of every thousand live births and mild forms that occur approximately five times more often. Approximately half of severe cases of mental retardation are genetically determined, and half of these fall under the category of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) disease. The XLMR group is currently comprised of 105 highly varied types of retardation that can be associated with a fragile X chromosome, biochemical defect, neurologic alterations, bony dysplasia and a range of malformations. Along with such syndromes (which are specific), some 40 familial XLMR entities (nonspecific) can be identified in which mental retardation is the only sign. Cytogenetic testing to identify dysmorphic syndromes caused by chromosomal disease and molecular biology studies are indispensable for identifying the genes responsible for XLMR syndromes. Healthy carriers can also be found. It thus becomes possible to provide appropriate genetic counseling for families and to achieve a prenatal diagnosis in some cases.

[Translocation t (13:21) (q22:q22) in mother and monosomia 21 and partial trisomy 13 on her son (author's transl)]. / Translocación t(13q-; 21q+) en la madre. Trisomía 13 y monosomía 21 parciales en el hijo.

Clinical and cytogenetical findings in a case of 21pter leads to 21q22.1 monosomy associated to a partial trisomy 13 are presented. The patient's mother carries a translocation t(13;21) (q22;q22). R-banding has shown that q22 band of an apparently absent chromosome 21 is distally translocated in an extra-chromosome 13 (13q-)+. Therefore the proband's monosomy 21 is not complete, but partial.

[Chromosome delection point in "cri du chat" syndrome (author's transl)]. / Niveles de deleción cromosómica en el síndrome de maullido de gato

Chromosomal identification by a G technique done in three patients with delection of the distal portion of short arms of chromosome 5; led to the consideration of the possibility that the segment responsible of the "cri du chat" syndrome is on the proximal portion of the band 5 p15.